Generations of Programming Languages

• 1st generation -1GL
• machine language
• instructions coded using combinations of 0’s & 1’s
• 2nd generation –2GL
• assembly languages (low-level symbolic languages)
• for each different instruction, have an associated short, human-meaningful acronym or name
• one assembly language instruction is translated into one machine language instructionGenerations of Programming Languages
• 3rd generation –3GL
• high-level symbolic languages
• one instruction generates multiple machine language instructions 
• makes complex programming simpler and easier to read, write and maintain
• BASIC , Fortran , C , C++ , Java , C# 
• 4th generation -4GL
• Very High level languages to develop software for specific purposes 
• Non-procedural languages -what you want, not how to get itSQL, NOMAD and FOCUS
• 5th generation -5GL
• Languages used develop systems to mimic human experts 
• Prolog , LIPS
• Knowledge-base systems + inference engine
• Root planning Systems
• Medical Expert Systems 
• Inference processing
• Knowledge representations 
• Used in Artificial Intelligence